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1354 - Cola di Rienzo, tribune of Rome, was murdered by a mob. He tried to introduce measures for the common good in Rome but earned the hostility of the nobles.
1806 - British forces laying siege to the French port of Boulogne used Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve, the first British use of rocket-propelled missiles.
1856 - Chinese police boarded the British vessel Arrow, arrested 12 Chinese crewmen on suspicion of piracy and lowered the British flag. The incident led to the second Anglo-Chinese War.
1871 - The Great Fire of Chicago broke out. According to legend, a cow kicked over a lantern in Mrs. O'Leary's barn. The fire destroyed more than 17,000 buildings and left about 100,000 people homeless. An estimated 250 people died.
1871 - In Wisconsin, one of the most catastrophic forest fires ever destroyed the town of Peshtigo, burning across six counties and killing over 1100 people.
1873 - In the United States the first women's prison run by women opened. The Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women and Girls received 17 prisoners.
1895 - Founded today was the Berliner Gramophone Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Not too far in the future were record players.
1904 - In Hartford, Connecticut, "Little Johnny Jones" opened. The show became a hit in part thanks to a song that became quite popular: "Give My Regards to Broadway." This song and the entire musical were written by "Yankee Doodle Dandy" himself, George M. Cohan.
1912 - Montenegro declared war on Turkey, beginning the First Balkan War.
1915 - The Battle of Loos, one of the fiercest of the First World War, ended with virtually no gains for either side. Almost 430,000 French, British and Germans were killed. The British used poison gas for the first time in the battle.
1918 - Sergeant Alvin C. York almost single-handedly killed 25 German soldiers and captured 132 in the Argonne Forest in France.
1919 - The first transcontinental air race in the United States began.
1934 - Bruno Hauptmann was indicted for murder in the death of the infant son of Charles A. Lindbergh.
1935 - Opened by the theme song "Londonderry Air," radio soap opera "The O’Neills" debuted on CBS. The fifteen-minute long soap aired Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7:30 p.m. In 1936, it became part of daytime television where it remained until 1943 on NBC’s Red and Blue networks and also on CBS. One of radio’s original soaps, it was sponsored by Silver Dust, Ivory soap and Ivory soap flakes.
1935 - Wedding bells rang for a singer and a bandleader who made radio history together when they married. The bandleader was Ozzie Nelson and the singer was Harriet Hilliard.
1938 - The cover of "The Saturday Evening Post" featured a self-portrait of Norman Rockwell, who chose to draw himself trying to come up with a cover idea to complete the assignment before the magazine’s deadline.
1939 - The evacuation of Germans from Latvia began following permission by the foreign ministries of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania to evacuate Baltic Germans.
1941 - With vocalist Tom Dix, the Benny Goodman Orchestra recorded "Buckle Down Winsocki" on the Columbia label.
1944 - In Finland, the port of Kemi, the last held by German forces, was re-captured.
1944 - The first radio broadcast of the series "The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet" was heard. The show revolved around the lives of the Nelson family, a real middle class family. The popular radio show aired for nearly 10 years, before, in 1952, the television version started to air.
1945 - President Truman announced that the secret of the atomic bomb would be shared only with Britain and Canada.
1952 - First published today was "The Complete Book of Etiquette".
1952 - 112 people were killed and over 200 injured in a rail crash involving three trains in northwest London.
1953 - Britain and the United States announced they were withdrawing their troops from the Free Territory of Trieste, handing control to the Italians.
1956 - Don Larson pitched a perfect game on this date during the New York Yankees vs the Brooklyn Dodgers World Series game.
1957 - Jack Soble, a confessed Soviet spy, was sentenced to seven years in prison for espionage.
1960 - Arnold Palmer was named "Golfer of the Year" in a PGA poll
1968 - Franco Zefferelli's film Romeo and Juliet opened in New York. It later won the Academy Awards for Costume Design and Cinematography, and was nominated for Best Picture and Best Director.
1970 - The Nobel Prize for Literature was won by Russian novelist Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
1974 - "Then Came You", by Dionne Warwicke and The Spinners, went solid gold. While editors tried to find the correct spelling of her name, some superstitious feelings having to do with astrology, made the former Ms. Warwick change her name to Warwicke. The change stuck until she went solo after meeting Barry Manilow in the early 1980s. The songs: "I’ll Never Love This Way Again", "Deja Vu" and hits with Johnny Mathis, Luther Vandross and other friends made being Dionne Warwick safe again.
1979 - On Broadway, the hit show, "Sugar Babies", opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The show's star was also making his Broadway debut. Mickey Rooney, acting since the 1930s, delighted all with his performance.
1982 - All labor organizations in Poland, including Solidarity, were banned.
1984 - For "A Little Good News," Anne Murray won the Country Music Association’s Album of the Year Award. She became the first woman to win this award.
1984 - The Burning Bed, a made-for-television movie, aired for the first time. The drama, based on a true story, starred Farrah Fawcett as a battered wife charged with her husband's murder after setting his bed afire, following years of beating and humiliations. Fawcett, formally of the sexually-exploitative Charlie's Angels television series, astonished critics with her unrealized performing abilities. Paul LeMat co-starred as the abusive husband.
1990 - United Germany signed its first international treaty, agreeing with Czechoslovakia on a program for cleaning up the polluted River Elbe.
1991 - Haiti's parliament formally installed the senior judge of the Supreme Court, Joseph Nerette, as the country's provisional president.
1993 - The United States government issued a report absolving the FBI of any wrongdoing in its final assault in Waco, Texas, on the Branch Davidian compound. The fire that ended the seige killed as many as 85 people.
1993 - The United Nations General Assembly lifted almost all its remaining economic sanctions against South Africa, begun in the 1960s and built up in subsequent years because of Pretoria's policy of racial apartheid.
1996 - Pope John Paul had his appendix removed at Rome's Gemelli hospital; no sign of a tumor or other serious illness was found.
1996 - A beaming Palestinian President Yasser Arafat made his first public visit to Israel for talks with Israeli President Ezer Weizman at his private residence in the seaside town of Caesarea in central Israel.
1998 - Taliban forces attacked Iranian border posts. Iran says that three border posts were destroyed before the Taliban forces were forced to retreat. The Taliban of Afghanistan denies the event occurred.
1998 - Canada and Netherlands were voted into the United Nations Security Council.
1998 - The film Beloved, based on the book by Toni Morrison, in which a black slave is visited by the spirit of her deceased daughter, opened in United States theaters. Heavily promoted and starring Oprah Winfrey, the depressing, long film failed to capture the greatness of Morrison's Pulitzer Prize winning novel, and the public stayed away. Thandie Newton played the title character, and Danny Glover, as Paul D, was awarded an Image Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture.
1806 - British forces laying siege to the French port of Boulogne used Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve, the first British use of rocket-propelled missiles.
1856 - Chinese police boarded the British vessel Arrow, arrested 12 Chinese crewmen on suspicion of piracy and lowered the British flag. The incident led to the second Anglo-Chinese War.
1871 - The Great Fire of Chicago broke out. According to legend, a cow kicked over a lantern in Mrs. O'Leary's barn. The fire destroyed more than 17,000 buildings and left about 100,000 people homeless. An estimated 250 people died.
1871 - In Wisconsin, one of the most catastrophic forest fires ever destroyed the town of Peshtigo, burning across six counties and killing over 1100 people.
1873 - In the United States the first women's prison run by women opened. The Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women and Girls received 17 prisoners.
1895 - Founded today was the Berliner Gramophone Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Not too far in the future were record players.
1904 - In Hartford, Connecticut, "Little Johnny Jones" opened. The show became a hit in part thanks to a song that became quite popular: "Give My Regards to Broadway." This song and the entire musical were written by "Yankee Doodle Dandy" himself, George M. Cohan.
1912 - Montenegro declared war on Turkey, beginning the First Balkan War.
1915 - The Battle of Loos, one of the fiercest of the First World War, ended with virtually no gains for either side. Almost 430,000 French, British and Germans were killed. The British used poison gas for the first time in the battle.
1918 - Sergeant Alvin C. York almost single-handedly killed 25 German soldiers and captured 132 in the Argonne Forest in France.
1919 - The first transcontinental air race in the United States began.
1934 - Bruno Hauptmann was indicted for murder in the death of the infant son of Charles A. Lindbergh.
1935 - Opened by the theme song "Londonderry Air," radio soap opera "The O’Neills" debuted on CBS. The fifteen-minute long soap aired Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7:30 p.m. In 1936, it became part of daytime television where it remained until 1943 on NBC’s Red and Blue networks and also on CBS. One of radio’s original soaps, it was sponsored by Silver Dust, Ivory soap and Ivory soap flakes.
1935 - Wedding bells rang for a singer and a bandleader who made radio history together when they married. The bandleader was Ozzie Nelson and the singer was Harriet Hilliard.
1938 - The cover of "The Saturday Evening Post" featured a self-portrait of Norman Rockwell, who chose to draw himself trying to come up with a cover idea to complete the assignment before the magazine’s deadline.
1939 - The evacuation of Germans from Latvia began following permission by the foreign ministries of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania to evacuate Baltic Germans.
1941 - With vocalist Tom Dix, the Benny Goodman Orchestra recorded "Buckle Down Winsocki" on the Columbia label.
1944 - In Finland, the port of Kemi, the last held by German forces, was re-captured.
1944 - The first radio broadcast of the series "The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet" was heard. The show revolved around the lives of the Nelson family, a real middle class family. The popular radio show aired for nearly 10 years, before, in 1952, the television version started to air.
1945 - President Truman announced that the secret of the atomic bomb would be shared only with Britain and Canada.
1952 - First published today was "The Complete Book of Etiquette".
1952 - 112 people were killed and over 200 injured in a rail crash involving three trains in northwest London.
1953 - Britain and the United States announced they were withdrawing their troops from the Free Territory of Trieste, handing control to the Italians.
1956 - Don Larson pitched a perfect game on this date during the New York Yankees vs the Brooklyn Dodgers World Series game.
1957 - Jack Soble, a confessed Soviet spy, was sentenced to seven years in prison for espionage.
1960 - Arnold Palmer was named "Golfer of the Year" in a PGA poll
1968 - Franco Zefferelli's film Romeo and Juliet opened in New York. It later won the Academy Awards for Costume Design and Cinematography, and was nominated for Best Picture and Best Director.
1970 - The Nobel Prize for Literature was won by Russian novelist Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
1974 - "Then Came You", by Dionne Warwicke and The Spinners, went solid gold. While editors tried to find the correct spelling of her name, some superstitious feelings having to do with astrology, made the former Ms. Warwick change her name to Warwicke. The change stuck until she went solo after meeting Barry Manilow in the early 1980s. The songs: "I’ll Never Love This Way Again", "Deja Vu" and hits with Johnny Mathis, Luther Vandross and other friends made being Dionne Warwick safe again.
1979 - On Broadway, the hit show, "Sugar Babies", opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The show's star was also making his Broadway debut. Mickey Rooney, acting since the 1930s, delighted all with his performance.
1982 - All labor organizations in Poland, including Solidarity, were banned.
1984 - For "A Little Good News," Anne Murray won the Country Music Association’s Album of the Year Award. She became the first woman to win this award.
1984 - The Burning Bed, a made-for-television movie, aired for the first time. The drama, based on a true story, starred Farrah Fawcett as a battered wife charged with her husband's murder after setting his bed afire, following years of beating and humiliations. Fawcett, formally of the sexually-exploitative Charlie's Angels television series, astonished critics with her unrealized performing abilities. Paul LeMat co-starred as the abusive husband.
1990 - United Germany signed its first international treaty, agreeing with Czechoslovakia on a program for cleaning up the polluted River Elbe.
1991 - Haiti's parliament formally installed the senior judge of the Supreme Court, Joseph Nerette, as the country's provisional president.
1993 - The United States government issued a report absolving the FBI of any wrongdoing in its final assault in Waco, Texas, on the Branch Davidian compound. The fire that ended the seige killed as many as 85 people.
1993 - The United Nations General Assembly lifted almost all its remaining economic sanctions against South Africa, begun in the 1960s and built up in subsequent years because of Pretoria's policy of racial apartheid.
1996 - Pope John Paul had his appendix removed at Rome's Gemelli hospital; no sign of a tumor or other serious illness was found.
1996 - A beaming Palestinian President Yasser Arafat made his first public visit to Israel for talks with Israeli President Ezer Weizman at his private residence in the seaside town of Caesarea in central Israel.
1998 - Taliban forces attacked Iranian border posts. Iran says that three border posts were destroyed before the Taliban forces were forced to retreat. The Taliban of Afghanistan denies the event occurred.
1998 - Canada and Netherlands were voted into the United Nations Security Council.
1998 - The film Beloved, based on the book by Toni Morrison, in which a black slave is visited by the spirit of her deceased daughter, opened in United States theaters. Heavily promoted and starring Oprah Winfrey, the depressing, long film failed to capture the greatness of Morrison's Pulitzer Prize winning novel, and the public stayed away. Thandie Newton played the title character, and Danny Glover, as Paul D, was awarded an Image Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture.
__________________
~ Nikki ~
"I'm your hell, I'm your dream.......I'm nothing in between.......You know you wouldn't want it any other way".........
"Listen, when I slap you, you'll take it and like it"..........Humphrey Bogart..........Maltese Falcon.......
Graze on my lips and if those hills be dry, stray lower, where the pleasant fountains lie...........William Shakespeare.......
~ Nikki ~
"I'm your hell, I'm your dream.......I'm nothing in between.......You know you wouldn't want it any other way".........
"Listen, when I slap you, you'll take it and like it"..........Humphrey Bogart..........Maltese Falcon.......
Graze on my lips and if those hills be dry, stray lower, where the pleasant fountains lie...........William Shakespeare.......
). And the rail networks are as reliable as ever (well, to be fair, they've got worse since they were privatised 
)
.................just in my travels....... 