I'm counting only features because, particularly on the earlier decades, short filmmaking is quite another beast.
1910s
L'inferno / Dante's Inferno (Giuseppe de Liguoro, Francesco Bertolini & Adolfo Padovan, 1911)
Ingeborg Holm (Victor Sjöström, 1913)
Les vampires (Louis Feuillade, 1915)
Alias Jimmy Valentine (Maurice Tourneur, 1915)
Hearts of the world (D.W. Griffith, 1918)
A very interesting decade in that it still has the impulse of the earlier ones and almost every film feels like a significant step in the medium; certain trends, like Griffith's historical melodramas or Feuillade's crime serials, will pave the way for future defining genres in the history of cinema. Since we are still in the middle of a learning curve however, filmmaking still looks stiff and underwhelming comparing to what will come immediately later, apart from a few great and notorious exceptions.
1920s
Das cabinet des Dr. Caligari / The cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Robert Wiene, 1920)
Kurutta ippęji / A page of madness (Teinosuke Kinugasa, 1926)
7th Heaven (Frank Borzage, 1927)
La chute de la maison Usher / The fall of the house of Usher (Jean Epstein, 1928)
La passion de Jeanne d'Arc / The passion of Joan of Arc (Carl Theodor Dreyer, 1928)
On your list:
Sherlock Jr 1924 Keaton - Very high in my list, I think it is my favorite Keaton overall.
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans 1927 Murnau - My very slight preference for Faust aside, a really solid pick.
The Passion of Joan of Arc 1928 Dreyer - May be my number 1 of the decade.
Pandora's Box 1929 Pabst - Pabst is one of my biggest misses.
Blackmail 1929 Hitchcock - Love it! The best of Hitchcock's 20s output, which I find quite underrated in general (and better than his following decade).
I think the 20s are one of the medium's expressive peaks, when they truly managed to perfect silent filmmaking. I still think I prefer overall sound films, but silent got the best it could in this decade. Also a very interesting decade for the advent of artistic movements from other disciplines, like the first surreal, dadaist or impressionist films.
1930s
City lights (Charlie Chaplin, 1931)
Scarface (Howard Hawks, 1932)
Sonnenstrahl / Ray of sunshine (Pál Fejös, 1933)
Fury (Fritz Lang, 1936)
Make way for tomorrow (Leo McCarey, 1937)
On your list:
The Blue Angel 1930 von Sternberg - A very great one, just a step below my favorites.
Scarface 1932 Hawks - On my list!
The Roaring Twenties 1938 Walsh - Another great one, one of the best gangster films of the 30s I've seen.
The Adventures of Robin Hood 1939 Curtiz - In my watchlist for very long
The Wizard of Oz 1939 Fleming - A classic, but I am not much into it. I liked it more as a kid than when I rewatched it as an adult.
Overall, it may be my weakest decade? Not necessarily for the amount watched (which is still less than other decades), but because I have the constant feeling that I'm missing out a lot. I don't think I'm entirely into its mood and in a way I feel the cinema of that decade is in a sort of learning curve again on how to mix visuals and sound, which makes actually some strong visual poems with a consistently jarring sound mix; or, on the contrary, stuff with a lot of witty dialogue and great use of sound that looks plain forgettable.
1940s
The Ox-Bow incident (William A. Wellman, 1942)
I walked with a zombie (Jacques Tourneur, 1943)
A matter of life and death (Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger, 1946)
The ghost and Mrs. Muir (Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1947)
The treasure of the Sierra Madre (John Huston, 1948)
On your list:
Day of Wrath 1943 Dreyer - My biggest miss in Dreyer's biography. I will probably love it when I see it.
Laura 1944 Preminger - Probably in my top10 or 15 of the decade, definitely one of my favorite and most unique noirs. Also a big inspiration for David Lynch.
Rome Open City 1945 Rossellini - I'm not that big on Rossellini's war trilogy (oddly enough I think I prefer his later neorealist films), but this is definitely his best to me and also the one that put Anna Magnani -one of my favorite actresses- on the map.
Panique 1946 Duvivier - Not yet seen, sounds quite interesting.
The Third Man 1949 Reed - Definitely a visual feast and very iconic film, a little step below my favorites but still a great one.
My take on the 40s is quite positive, but incomplete. Hollywood studio cinema was quite in shape, but in other countries the production was struggling for years. Still, as said, it's quite an incomplete take, because this is perhaps the decade I have watched less films outside of Hollywood.
In the next decades I think I can confidently pick a top10 or even 20 (will post just 10 anyway), so I'll leave them for a later post because the post would get too long.